SOUND QUALITY
Timbre
All qualities of sound except loudness and pitch are what constitute timbre.
Complex Sounds
Higher frequency elements of a sound are called overtones or partials. Partials whose frequency is a whole integer multiple of the fundamental frequency are called harmonics. Together, the partials that make up a sound are referred to as its frequency spectrum, which is in part responsible for a sound's timbre. Good musical instruments produce sounds which have mostly harmonics and not many non-harmonic partials. He played 3 piano example and some of them have extra harmonics and frequencies that are non-harmonic partials and the last one was a Stienway which has very few of these non-harmonic partials and it sounded much better. Class members described the sound of the non-harmonic partials as making the piano sound tinny.
HOW DO WE GO FROM A PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE TO A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE?
Here is a video clip that was shown in class.
Outer Ear
Pinna helps with sound location. Auditory Canal is 3 cm long tube-like structure.
Middle Ear
Separates the inner from the outer ear. Contains the malleus, incus, and stapes.
Inner Ear
The main structure is the cochlea which is a fluid filled snail-like structure that is set into vibrations by the stapes. The organ of corti is where transduction is actually happening.
Outer and middle ear are filled with air where the inner ear is filled with a more dense fluid. This increase in density makes it so pressure changes in the air transmit more poorly; this is why it is harder to hear underwater. Ossicles act to amplify the vibration for better transmission to the fluid.
The Organ of Corti
Some of the key structures included the basilar membrane, the inner and outer hair cells, and the tectorial membrane. The basilar membrane moves up and down and the tectorial membrane moves side to side in response to the basilar membrane.
NEURAL SIGNALS FOR FREQUENCY
The cochlea is sensitive to different frequencies. There are two ways that nerve signal frequency; you want to know which are signally and how they are signaling. Berkesy come up with a place theory of hearing. He determined that frequency of sound is indicated by the place on the organ of corti that has the highest firing rate. He determined this with direct observation of the basilar membrane and by building a model of it. The base of the membrane is 3 to 4 times narrower than tat the apex and...
Timbre
All qualities of sound except loudness and pitch are what constitute timbre.
Complex Sounds
Higher frequency elements of a sound are called overtones or partials. Partials whose frequency is a whole integer multiple of the fundamental frequency are called harmonics. Together, the partials that make up a sound are referred to as its frequency spectrum, which is in part responsible for a sound's timbre. Good musical instruments produce sounds which have mostly harmonics and not many non-harmonic partials. He played 3 piano example and some of them have extra harmonics and frequencies that are non-harmonic partials and the last one was a Stienway which has very few of these non-harmonic partials and it sounded much better. Class members described the sound of the non-harmonic partials as making the piano sound tinny.
HOW DO WE GO FROM A PHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE TO A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPERIENCE?
Here is a video clip that was shown in class.
Outer Ear
Pinna helps with sound location. Auditory Canal is 3 cm long tube-like structure.
Middle Ear
Separates the inner from the outer ear. Contains the malleus, incus, and stapes.
Inner Ear
The main structure is the cochlea which is a fluid filled snail-like structure that is set into vibrations by the stapes. The organ of corti is where transduction is actually happening.
Outer and middle ear are filled with air where the inner ear is filled with a more dense fluid. This increase in density makes it so pressure changes in the air transmit more poorly; this is why it is harder to hear underwater. Ossicles act to amplify the vibration for better transmission to the fluid.
The Organ of Corti
Some of the key structures included the basilar membrane, the inner and outer hair cells, and the tectorial membrane. The basilar membrane moves up and down and the tectorial membrane moves side to side in response to the basilar membrane.
NEURAL SIGNALS FOR FREQUENCY
The cochlea is sensitive to different frequencies. There are two ways that nerve signal frequency; you want to know which are signally and how they are signaling. Berkesy come up with a place theory of hearing. He determined that frequency of sound is indicated by the place on the organ of corti that has the highest firing rate. He determined this with direct observation of the basilar membrane and by building a model of it. The base of the membrane is 3 to 4 times narrower than tat the apex and...
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