ANGULAR DISPARITY
Angular disparity is the difference between the angle of light hitting the retina in the right eye minus the left eye. For all the angles that = 0 degrees creates what is known as the horopter. The horopter is an imaginary line around you where there is 0 disparity between your two eyes. Well what about things closer than the horopter.
Closer than the Horopter (Crossed)
Things that are closer yield what is known as cross disparity which is a disparity that is greater than 0. The closer something is the more cross disparity there will be. With a magic eye illusion if you focus closer than the horopter you will see the image pop out towards you.
Further than the Horopter (Uncrossed)
Things that are further away yield disparity that is less than 0 and it is known as uncrossed disparity. The further away something is the more negative the disparity will be. With a magic eye illusion if you focus further than the horopter you will see the image pop out away from you.
STEREOPSIS
Your brain is seeing two different images (angular disparity) but through stereopsis these two images are fused. This fusion gives you very fine depth information but the degree of depth information depends upon the amount of disparity between the two images. So for example, if you have one image taken from above an object, say from space, then you will not be able to see depth. However, if you instead take two images and present those two pictures to two different eyes you will then be able to see depth of objects.
CORRESPONDENCE PROBLEM
This is the problem that if we are seeing two different images in our eyes how is it that we are able to line those images up to perceive only one image. It is a matter of what depth you would need to focus on in order to get the two images to line up. Usually we solve this by things like, images correspond if they are on the same horizontal plane. We really don't know how the correspondence problem is solved by the brain.
A Study
When people were presented with random patterns and told that some of the patterns had a face and some did not about 40% of the time people would say they saw a face when there wasn't actually a face there. The researchers took the average of all the ones they said there was a face and the ones where they said there was not a face and they found that there was a face in this average and people will pick up on this pattern and do so consistently.
Angular disparity is the difference between the angle of light hitting the retina in the right eye minus the left eye. For all the angles that = 0 degrees creates what is known as the horopter. The horopter is an imaginary line around you where there is 0 disparity between your two eyes. Well what about things closer than the horopter.
Closer than the Horopter (Crossed)
Things that are closer yield what is known as cross disparity which is a disparity that is greater than 0. The closer something is the more cross disparity there will be. With a magic eye illusion if you focus closer than the horopter you will see the image pop out towards you.
Further than the Horopter (Uncrossed)
Things that are further away yield disparity that is less than 0 and it is known as uncrossed disparity. The further away something is the more negative the disparity will be. With a magic eye illusion if you focus further than the horopter you will see the image pop out away from you.
STEREOPSIS
Your brain is seeing two different images (angular disparity) but through stereopsis these two images are fused. This fusion gives you very fine depth information but the degree of depth information depends upon the amount of disparity between the two images. So for example, if you have one image taken from above an object, say from space, then you will not be able to see depth. However, if you instead take two images and present those two pictures to two different eyes you will then be able to see depth of objects.
CORRESPONDENCE PROBLEM
This is the problem that if we are seeing two different images in our eyes how is it that we are able to line those images up to perceive only one image. It is a matter of what depth you would need to focus on in order to get the two images to line up. Usually we solve this by things like, images correspond if they are on the same horizontal plane. We really don't know how the correspondence problem is solved by the brain.
A Study
When people were presented with random patterns and told that some of the patterns had a face and some did not about 40% of the time people would say they saw a face when there wasn't actually a face there. The researchers took the average of all the ones they said there was a face and the ones where they said there was not a face and they found that there was a face in this average and people will pick up on this pattern and do so consistently.
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