382: Exam 1 - In Class Review

1. Lecture 1
1. Causes of death
1. 1900 vs 2000
2. Reasons
2. Integrative Medicine
1. Biological Model
1. Biological and social well being all play a role in health
2. Integration
1. MDs came up with this
2. Today we face chronic health issues
3. Defining Stress
1. Selye
1. Came up with definition from physics
2. Distress
1. Bad stress
3. Eustress
1. Good stress
2. Perception
1. Stress is really a function of the person.  
1. Example, some may be happy to jump out of an airplane while others would not enjoy it
2. Lecture 2
1. Allostasis
1. 5 questions on the exam on allostasis
2. Homeostasis is independent systems where allostasis is interdependent
3. "Stability through change"
2. Perception
1. We have the ability to change our bodies function through thoughts, emotions, and ...
3. Epigenetic's
1. Jirtle with the fat mice
1. only diff between fat and skinny babies was the diet of the mother; either soy or fatty diet.  Soy diet had methyl marks that suppress a piece of the genetic code.  Histone modification is a bigger piece is suppressed.  Methyl mark is a specific piece that is suppressed.
2. Study with the twins
3. Meadey study on the effect of nurturing from the mother rats on the babies
4. Define: Not the genes themselves but how they are expressed
1. Our faces are an example of epigenetics
4. Crisis (stress response)
1. Get energy now
1. cortisol
2. Move energy to needed areas
3. Shut down long term projects
4. Blunted pain perception
5. Increase cognitive functioning
5. Stress and Health
1. Acute = good, Chronic = bad
2. Does stress cause disease?  
1. No but it does create the conditions for it to happen
3. Lecture 3
1. Key Figures
1. Watson & Crick
1. Crick
1. Central Dogma
1. Buck stops with the genes
2. Darwin and Lamark
1. Lamark was right that acquired characteristics are passed on.  But it's not the genome itself that is changing which is what Darwin said
2. Epigenetics
1. We see that it is not just the genes
2. Determined by environment, social, etc.
3. Video Clip 
1. Meaney
1. Cross Fostering
1. You take babies from a good mother and give them to a bad mother.  You also do vice versa.  You see that stress is a result of mothering during the early months of the babies.  
1. Babies switched stress response
2. They showed that it didn't matter who your mother was but how much care that they received.
2. Jirtle
1. Agouti mice
3. Fraga
1. Twins
1. By 60 you do see epigenetic differences
4. Brigham Young Quotes
4. Lecture 4
1. Adaptive Brain
1. Triune Brain
1. Reptilian brain TO Mammalian TO Neo Mammalian
2. Brain is Master Gland
2. Integrative Brain
1. Limbic System
1. amygdala
1. negative emotion
2. hypocampus
1. Memory consolidation
2. STM
3. Cingulate Cortex
4. Insulate Cortex
1. Related to your sense of internal well being
2. Related to homeostasis and allostasis
3. Balancing Brain
1. Allostasis
1. Glutamate
1. Too much glutamate kills brain cells
2. Too little is related to schizophrenia
2. Cortisol
1. Too much kills brain cells in hyppocampus
2. Too little inhibits learning
5. Lecture 5
1. ANS
1. SNS
1. Fight or flight
2. PNS
1. Slows down
3. Need some tone or balance between these but our society emphasizes the SNS
2. Neuronal need for Speed
3. Fast stress response system
1. Response patterns
1. "Fight or flight"
2. "Tend and Befriend" and defend
2. SAM system
1. Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary
6. Lecture 6
1. Chemical Messengers
1. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter till in the blood stream then it is a hormone
2. Similarities
1. Neurotransmitter in cleft
2. There is a slide that goes over all the similarities of Neuro's and hormones so look that up
2. Delayed Stress Response
1. HPA
2. Stands for...
3. Know the biological process
3. Emotion (emotions are good)
1. Adaptation
1. Emotions are adaptive
1. They are learned and not genetic predisposition
2. They work together with the limbic system and the cortex
1. Band between limbic system and cortex is the...?
2. Awareness
1. Emotions provide information about our internal states
3. Communication
4. Know the two pictures (the brain picture on the spine and the boy afraid of spider picture)
5. James-Lange Theory
1. Stimulus TO perception TO specific patter of autonomic arousal TO ...
6. Eckman faces 
7. Neuroscience of Emotion
1. Brain does not have a single emotion center
2. Can't overcome fear at the cognitive level because it is learned in the limbic system.  So you have to overcome it in the limbic System (systematic desensitization)
7. Lecture 7
1. Sensation
1. Adaption
1. Transduction: we have physical stimuli coming in, it's the information as it is turned into an electrical impulse
2. Different senses impact different brain systems
2. Function
2. Video
1. We perceive the world how it was useful to perceive it in the past
2. "We perceive the world as we are"
3. Perception
1. Gestalt Theory
1. born with
2. Learning Theory 
1. learn things
3. Stress
8. Lecture 8
1. Memory and Learning
1. How we learn
1. declarative vs episodic
2. How we store
2. Neurophysiology of Memory
1. Memory is neuronal remodeling
2. Synaptic change
3. Cool study example
1. Rats with enhanced cage vs normal cage vs solitary confinement cage
3. Remembering and Imagining
1. Reconsolidation 
1. "A memory remembered is a memory modified"
2. Prospective Brain
1. We see the future in the context of how we saw the past
9. This is not done because he went super fast in class but I will get it fully updated as soon as I can.